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The Urinary System, 2nd Edition provides a concise and highly visual approach to the basic sciences and clinical pathology of the kidney, bladder, and ureters. This volume in The Netter Collection of Medical Illustrations (the CIBA "Green Books") has been expanded and revised by Drs. Christopher Rehbeck Kelly and Jaime Landman to capture current clinical perspectives in nephrology and urology - from normal anatomy, histology, physiology, and development to glomerular and tubular diseases, infections, urological surgeries, and cancers. It also features hundreds of radiologic and pathologic images to supplement the classic Netter illustrations, as well as new illustrations created New to this edition * Gain a rich, comprehensive clinical view of the urinary system by seeing classic Netter anatomic illustrations side by side with cutting-edge radiologic images, pathology slides, and the latest molecular biology findings. * Visualize the timely topics in nephrology and urology, including HIV-associated nephropathy, hepatorenal syndrome, laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, and tumor cryoblation. * See current clinical concepts captured in the visually rich Netter artistic tradition via contributions from Carlos Machado, MD, and other artists working in the Netter style. Author Info By Christopher R Kelly, Christopher R. Kelly, MD Postdoctoral Residency Fellow Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center and Jaime Landman, Jaime Landman, Professor of Urology and Radiology. Chairman, Department of Urology, University of California Irvine Table of Contents: Section 1 - ANATOMY OF THE URINARY TRACT 1. Kidney: Position and Relations (Anterior View) 2. Kidney: Position and Relations (Posterior View) 3. Kidney: Position and Relations (Transverse Sections) 4. Kidney: Gross Structure 5. Renal Fascia 6. Ureters: Position, Relations, Gross Structure 7. Bladder: Position, Relations, Gross Structure (Male) 8. Bladder: Position, Relations, Gross Structure (Female) 9. Bladder: Position, Relations, Gross Structure (Coronal Cross-Section) 10. Renal Vasculature: Renal Artery and Vein In Situ 11. Renal Vasculature: Renal Artery Segmental Branches and Intrarenal Arteries 12. Renal Vasculature: Variations in Renal Artery and Vein 13. Vasculature of Ureters and Bladder 14. Innervation of Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder 15. Innervation Pathways of the Kidneys and Upper Ureter 16. Innervation Pathways of the Ureter and Bladder 17. Lymphatics of Urinary System 18. Overview of the Nephron 19. Renal Microvascualture 20. Glomerulus: Structure and Histology 21. Glomerulus Fine Structure 22. Glomerulus: Electron Microscopy 23. Proximal Tubule 24. Thin Limb 25. Distal Tubule 26. Collecting Duct 27. Renal Pelvis, Ureter, and Bladder Section 2 - Normal and Abnormal Development 1. Development of Kidney 2. Development of Kidney: Nephron Formation 3. Development of Bladder and Ureter: Formation of the Cloaca 4. Development of Bladder and Ureter: Septation, Incorporation of Ureters, and Maturation 5. Renal Ascent and Ectopia: Normal Renal Ascent and Pelvic Kidney 6. Renal Ascent and Ectopia: Thoracic and Crossed Ectopic Kidney 7. Renal Rotation and Malrotation 8. Anomalies in Number of Kidneys: Bilateral Renal Agenesis 9. Anomalies in Number of Kidneys: Unilateral Renal Agenesis 10. Anomalies in Number of Kidneys: Supernumerary Kidney 11. Renal Fusion 12. Renal Dysplasia 13. Renal Hypoplasia 14. Simple Cysts 15. Polycystic Kidney Disease: Gross Appearance 16. Polycystic Kidney Disease: Radiographic Findings 17. Medullary Sponge Kidney 18. Nephronophthisis / Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease Complex 19. Retrocaval Ureter: Radiographic Findings and Laparoscopic Repair 20. Retrocaval Ureter: Normal Development of the Inferior Vena Cava 21. Vesicoureteral Reflux: Mechanism and Grading 22. Vesicoureteral Reflux: Voiding Cystourethrograms 23. Ureteral Duplication: Complete 24. Ureteral Duplication: Incomplete 25. Ectopic Ureter 26. Ureterocele: Gross and Fine Appearance 27. Ureterocele: Radiographic Findings 28. Prune Belly Syndrome: Appearance of Abdominal Wall 29. Prune Belly Syndrome: Appearance of Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder 30. Epispadias Exstrophy Complex: Epispadias 31. Epispadias Exstrophy Complex: Bladder Exstrophy 32. Bladder Duplication and Septation 33. Anomalies of the Urachus 34. Posterior Urethral Valves: Gross Appearance 35. Posterior Urethral Valves: Radiographic Findings Section 3 - Physiology 1. Basic Functions and Homeostasis 2. Clearance and Renal Plasma Flow 3. Glomerular Filtration Rate 4. Glomerular Filtration Rate: Calculation 5. Secretion and Reabsorption: Tubular Reabsorption and Saturation Kinetics 6. Secretion and Reabsorption: Fractional Excretion (Clearance Ratios) 7. Renal Handling of Sodium and Chloride: Nephron Sites of Sodium Reabsorption 8. Renal Handling of Sodium and Chloride: Response to Extracellular Fluid Contraction 9. Renal Handling of Sodium and Chloride: Response to Extracellular Fluid Expansion 10. Renal Handling of Potassium 11. Renal Handling of Calcium, Phosphate, and Magnesium 12. Countercurrent Multiplication: Model - Part 1 13. Countercurrent Multiplication: Model - Part 2 14. Countercurrent Multiplication: Models to Demonstrate Principle of Countercurrent Exchange System of Vasa Recta in Minimizing Dissipation of Medullary Osmotic Gradient 15. Urine Concentration and Dilution: Long-Looped Nephron (ADH Present) 16. Urine Concentration and Dilution: Long-Looped Nephron (ADH Absent) 17. Antidiuretic Hormone 18. Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Modulation of Renin Release 19. Tubuloglomerular Feedback and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 20. Acid Base Balance: Roles of Chemical Buffers, Lungs, and Kidneys in Acid-Base Handling 21. Acid Base Balance: Renal Bicarbonate Reabsorption 22. Acid Base Balance: Renal Bicarbonate Synthesis and Proton Excretion 23. Acid Base Balance: Acidosis and Alkalosis 24. Additional Functions of Erythropoiesis and Vitamin D 25. Renal Tubular Acidosis: Proximal 26. Renal Tubular Acidosis: Classic Distal 27. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Diabetes Insipidus 28. Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus: Major Causes and Symptoms Section 4 - Renal Diseases 1. Overview of Acute Kidney Injury: Causes 2. Overview of Acute Kidney Injury: Possible Urine Findings 3. Acute Tubular Necrosis: Causes, Pathophysiology, and Clinical Features 4. Acute Tubular Necrosis: Histopathological Findings 5. Overview of Nephrotic Syndrome: Pathophysiology 6. Overview of Nephrotic Syndrome: Causes 7. Overview of Nephrotic Syndrome: Presentation and Diagnosis 8. Minimal Change Disease: Causes and Presentation 9. Minimal Change Disease: Histopathology 10. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Causes, Clinical Features, and Histopathological Findings 11. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: Histopathological Findings (Continued) 12. Membranous Nephropathy: Causes and Clinical Features 13. Membranous Nephropathy: Histopathological Findings 14. Overview of Glomerulonephritis: Clinical Features and Histopathological Findings 15. Overview of Glomerulonephritis: Histopathological Findings (Continued) 16. IgA Nephropathy: Causes and Clinical Features 17. IgA Nephropathy: Histopathological Findings 18. IgA Nephropathy: Histopathological Findings (Continued) 19. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: Causes and Clinical Features 20. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: Histopathological Findings 21. Post-infectious glomerulonephritis: Histopathological Findings (Continued) 22. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: Causes, Features, and Assessment 23. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: Classical Pathway of Complement Pathways 24. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: Histopathological Findings 25. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 26. Hereditary Nephritis (Alport's) / Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Features 27. Hereditary Nephritis (Alport's) / Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy: Electron Microscopy Findings 28. Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Causes and Clinical Features 29. Acute Interstitial Nephritis: Histopathological Findings 30. Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Analgesic Nephropathy 31. Chronic Tubulointerstitial Nephritis: Histopathological Findings 32. Thrombotic Microangiopathy: General Features 33. Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome 34. Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura 35. Renal Vein Thrombosis 36. Renal Artery Stenosis: Pathophysiology of Renovascular Hypertension 37. Renal Artery Stenosis: Causes 38. Congestive Heart Failure: Types of Left Heart Failure and Effects on Renal Function 39. Congestive Heart Failure: Effects of Left Heart Failure on Renal Blood Flow and Tubular Function 40. Hepatorenal Syndrome: Proposed Pathophysiology 41. Hepatorenal Syndrome: Symptoms and Diagnosis 42. Chronic and Malignant Hypertension: Major Causes 43. Chronic and Malignant Hypertension: Renal Histopathology (Chronic) 44. Chronic and Malignant Hypertension: Renal Histopathology (Malignant) 45. Diabetic Nephropathy: Diabetes Mellitus 46. Diabetic Nephropathy 47. Amyloidosis: Deposition Sites and Manifestations 48. Amyloidosis: Histopathological Findings 49. Lupus Nephritis: Diagnostic Criteria 50. Lupus Nephritis: Renal Histopathology (Class I and II Lesions) 51. Lupus Nephritis: Renal Histopathology (Class III and IV Lesions) 52. Lupus Nephritis: Renal Histopathology (Class V Lesions) 53. Myeloma Nephropathy: Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings 54. Myeloma Nephropathy: Histopathological Findings 55. HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Light Microscopy Findings 56. HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Electron Microscopy Findings 57. HIV-Associated Nephropathy: Mechanisms of Infection and Antiretroviral Therapy 58. Preeclampsia: Clinical Definition and Potential Mechanism of Pathogenesis 59. Preeclampsia: Renal Pathology 60. Preeclampsia: HELLP Syndrome and Eclampsia 61. Henoch Schonlein Purpura: Diagnostic Criteria 62. Henoch Schonlein Purpura: Additional Clinical Features 63. Fabry's Disease 64. Cystinosis: Pathophysiology and the Renal Fanconi Syndrome 65. Cystinosis: Extrarenal Manifestations 66. Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease: Staging System and Major Causes 67. Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease: Mechanism of Progression and Complications 68. Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease: Uremia 69. Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease: Normal Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism 70. Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease: Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease Section 5 - Urinary Tract Infections 1. Cystitis: Risk Factors 2. Cystitis: Common Symptoms and Tests 3. Cystitis: Evaluation 4. Cystitis: Treatment 5. Pyelonephritis: Risk Factors and Major Findings 6. Pyelonephritis: Pathology 7. Bacteriuria Management of Asymptometic Bacteriuria 8. Intrarenal and Perinephric Abscesses 9. Tuberculosis: Infection and Extrapulmonary Spread 10. Tuberculosis: Urinary Tract 11. Schistosomiasis: Lifecycle of Schistosoma Haematobium 12. Schistosomiasis: Effects of Chronic Schistosoma Haematobium Infection Section 6 - Urinary Tract Obstructions 1. Obstructive Uropathy: Etiology 2. Obstructive Uropathy: Sequelae 3. Urolithiasis: Formation of Renal Stones 4. Urolithiasis: Major Sites of Renal Stone Impaction 5. Urolithiasis: Appearance of Renal Stones 6. Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction 7. Ureteral Strictures Section 7 - Traumatic Injuries 1. Renal Injuries: Grading System and Renal Parencyhmal Injuries 2. Renal Injuries: Renal Hilar Injuries 3. Ureteral Injuries 4. Bladder Injuries: Extraperitoneal Bladder Ruptures 5. Bladder Injuries: Intraperitoneal Bladder Ruptures Section 8 -Voiding Dysfunction 1. Voiding dysfunction: Anatomy of Female Urinary Continence Mechanisms 2. Voiding dysfunction : Neural Control of Bladder Function and Effects of Lesions 3. Voiding dysfunction: Stress Urinary Incontinence 4. Urodynamics: Equipment and Set-up for Urodynamics Studies 5. Urodynamics: Example Urodynamics Recordings Section 9 - Neoplasms 1. Benign Renal Tumors: Papillary Adenoma and Oncocytoma 2. Benign Renal Tumors: Angiomyolipoma 3. Renal Cell Carcinoma: Risk Factors and Radiographic Findings 4. Renal Cell Carcinoma: Gross Pathological Findings 5. Renal Cell Carcinoma: Histopathological Findings 6. Renal Cell Carcinoma: Staging System and Sites of Metastasis 7. Wilms Tumor: Genetics, Presentation, and Radiographic Findings 8. Wilms Tumor: Gross Appearance and Histopathological Findings 9. Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Risk Factors and Radiographic Appearance 10. Tumors of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter: Appearance (Ureteroscopic, Gross, and Microscopic) and Staging System 11. Tumors of the Bladder: Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Physical Examination 12. Tumors of the Bladder: Cystoscopic and Radiographic Appearance 13. Tumors of the Bladder: Histopathological Findings and Staging System Section 10 - Therapeutics 1. Osmotic Diuretics 2. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors 3. Loop Diuretics 4. Thiazide Diuretics 5. Potassium-Sparing Diuretics 6. Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin System 7. Renal Biopsy: Indications and Structure of Typical Spring-Loaded Needle 8. Renal Biopsy: Procedure 9. Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, and Continuous Therapies: Hemodialysis 10. Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, and Continuous Therapies: Vascular Access for Hemodialysis 11. Hemodialysis, Peritoneal Dialysis, and Continuous Therapies: Peritoneal Dialysis 12. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy 13. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Creation of Access Tract 14. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Nephroscope and Sonotrode 15. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Ultrasonic Lithotripsy of Large Stones 16. Pyeloplasty / Endopyelotomy 17. Renal Revascularization: Endovascular Therapies 18. Renal Revascularization: Surgical Therapies 19. Simple and Radical Nephrectomy: Open Nephrectomy (Incisions for Transperitoneal and Retroperitoneal Approaches) 20. Simple and Radical Nephrectomy: Open Simple Nephrectomy (Flank Approach) 21. Simple and Radical Nephrectomy: Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy (Transperitoneal Approach (Left-Sided)) 22. Partial Nephrectomy: Open Partial Nephrectomy (Retroperitoneal (Flank) Approach) 23. Partial Nephrectomy: Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy (Transperitoneal Approach) 24. Renal Ablation: Laparoscopic Cryoablation (Retroperitoneal Approach) 25. Renal Ablation: Percutaneous Cryoablation 26. Renal Transplantation: Recipient Operation 27. Renal Transplantation: Mechanisms of Action of Immunosuppressive Medications 28. Renal Transplantation: Causes of Graft Dysfunction in Immediate Post-Operative Period 29. Renal Transplantation: Causes of Graft Dysfunction in Early Post-Transplant Period 30. Renal Transplantation: Acute Rejection (Histopathological Findings) 31. Renal Transplantation: Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity (Histopathological Findings) 32. Renal Transplantation: Causes of Graft Dysfunction in Late Post-Transplant Period 33. Ureteroscopy: Device Design and Deployment 34. Ureteroscopy: Stone Fragmentation and Extraction 35. Ureter Reimplantation 36. Ureteral Reconstruction 37. Cystoscopy: Cystoscope Design 38. Cystoscopy: Cystoscopic Views 39. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: Equipment and Procedure 40. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: Procedure (Continued)
Specifications
Publisher
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
Publication date
February 22, 2012
Pages
288
ISBN
9781437722383
Format
Hardback
About the author
By Christopher R Kelly, Christopher R. Kelly, MD Postdoctoral Residency Fellow Department of Medicine NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center and Jaime Landman, Jaime Landman, Professor of Urology and Radiology. Chairman, Department of Urology, University of California Irvine
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